One important goal of modern periodontal therapy is the regeneration of lost periodontium including alveolar bone, periodontal ligament, and cementum. At present, the clinician can choose from biological grafting materials such as allografts from a tissue bank or autografts that use the patient's own bone. Synthetic grafting materials may be designed to fill space and permit the patient's own bone to grow into the defect.Lot of research is going in this feild and many new materials are expected to come in future. Amongest the most recent Advances in Dentistry Bone grafting is very important. Sucess of Periodontal Surgery and Dental Implants is largely attributed to Bone Grafting.Though many materials have been tested from time to time but researchers feel:
- An Ideal Synthetic Bone Substitute should be Biocompatible.
- Serve as a scaffold (framework) for new bone formation. Be resorbable in the long-term and have potential for replacement by host bone. v Be osteogenic, or at least facilitate new bone formation.
- Be radiopaque.
- Be easy to manipulate.
- Not support growth of oral pathogens. hydrophilic (to attract and hold the clot in a particular area). Be available in particulate and molded forms.
- Be microporous (for added strength to the regenerating host bone matrix and allow biological fixation).
- Be readily available. v Be nonallergenic.
- Have a surface that is amenable to grafting.
- Act as a matrix or vehicle for other materials (eg, bone protein inducers, autibiotics) Have high compressive strength.
- Bone Grafting is achieved by 3 different processes:
- Osteogenesis
- Osteoinduction, and
- Osteoconduction.
